Moved gettext docs.

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William Kendrick 2007-08-11 17:46:32 +00:00
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Authors of GNU gettext.
The following contributions warranted legal paper exchanges with the
Free Software Foundation. Also see files ChangeLog and THANKS.
GETTEXT Ulrich Drepper Germany 1968 1995-05-16
Assigns program.
GETTEXT Peter Miller Australia 1960 1995-10-16
Assigns past and future changes.
GETTEXT Bruno Haible Germany 1965 2001-03-09
Assigns past and future changes.

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a citizen of _____________ (country), do
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programs from one human language to another human language. The
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The translations covered by this disclaimer include, without
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(year), at _____________________ (city and country).
signed: ___________________________
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postal address: ___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
I currently expect to work on the following translation teams (though
this disclaimer applies to all translations I may subsequently work
on):
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

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win32/libdocs/gettext/NEWS Normal file
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Version 0.10.40 - September 2001
* The libintl library is now covered by the GNU LGPL. The tools are still
covered by the GNU GPL.
Version 0.10.39 - July 2001
* This is a bug-fix release.
* Now uses libtool-1.4. Linking with the libintl shared library is easier.
* The autoconf macros now work with both autoconf-2.13 and autoconf-2.50.
Version 0.10.38 - May 2001
* This is a bug-fix release.
* Manual pages for the GNU libintl library functions have been added.
Version 0.10.37 - April 2001
This is a bug-fix release.
Version 0.10.36 - March 2001, by Ulrich Drepper and Bruno Haible
* General plural handling. New functions ngettext, dngettext, dcngettext.
* Locales which differ only in the character encoding, for example ja_JP and
ja_JP.UTF-8, can now share the same message catalogs. gettext converts
the messages to the appropriate character encoding on the fly.
* The tools now correctly process PO files in CJK encodings.
* Support for non-GNU gettext has been dropped. Previously, on Solaris, the
system's gettext was used (unless --with-included-gettext was specified),
which led to problems with PO files that were not 100% translated.
* Support for the catgets wrapper has been dropped. This means that gettext
now always supports the LANGUAGE environment variable, message inheritance,
automatic charset conversion etc.
* Support for the old Linux specific .msg catalog format has been dropped.
* When the included GNU libintl is installed (i.e. on GNU platforms, when
the configure option --with-included-gettext is given, or on non-GNU
platforms, when the configure option --disable-nls is not given), it is
also installed as a shared library, unless the configure option
--disable-shared is given.
* PO mode changes:
** PO mode does not use recursive edit anymore, many edits may be worked on
simultaneously in a single PO file.
** PO mode may handle many translation files at once while correlating related
entries, for helping multilingual or cultured translators.
** On recent Emacses, PO mode automatically use proper fonts when available.
** PO mode supports marking of C++ sources.
** highlights original message while editing the translation
** PO mode has commands to mail messages to teams or to the translation
coordinator, with automatic inclusion of the current PO file.
Version 0.10.35 - April 1998, by Ulrich Drepper
* by default the emulation of gettext using the catgets() functions of
the C library is not selected anymore. GNU gettext has so many nice
extensions that this became unreasonable. Using --with-catgets the
emulation still can be requested.
* extend xgettext program to handle other file formats other than C/C++.
For now it also handles PO file. Using this feature one can concatenate
arbitrary PO files.
* Tcl module with gettext interface
* Korean translation by Bang Jun Young
* xgettext writes to stdout when default domain name is set to -
* codeset name normalization
* msgmerge program now has all features tupdate has (and more).
tupdate itself will be removed soon
* po/Makefile.in.in now uses msgmerge instead of tupdate
* escape notation in .po files are only used when explicitly selected
* changed interface of msgunfmt to conform to GNU coding standard
* msgmerge now knows how to handle obsolete entries. If a formerly obsolete
entry is used again msgmerge will find it
* better implementation of comment extraction in xgettext.
* better C format string implementation. The xgettext will classify
strings as being a format string, or not, in the .po file. The
programmer can override the decision explicitly for each string
by specifying `xgettext:c-format' and `xgettext:no-c-format'
respectively in a C comment preceding the string.
* msgmerge program now always produces output. Fuzzy or non-existing
translations are no reason for holding back the result.
* reasonable header entry format implemented
* Norwegian translation by Karl Anders Øygard
* Configure command line option `--with-gnu-gettext' is renamed to
`--with-included-gettext'
* gettextize now can determine whether the aclocal.m4 of the project
is sufficent
* use automake for Makefile.in generation
* by default now only c-format is emitted in xgettext. If using the new
--debug option one can enable printing possible-c-format to see who
decided about the string: xgettext or the programmer
* the installed libintl.h file no longer depends on HAVE_LOCALE_H being
defined. After running configure we know whether this file exists.
* wrapping of lines in PO file output finally enabled.
A new special comment no-wrap prevents wrapping.
* add --statistics option to msgfmt to get information about number of
translated, untranslated, and fuzzy messages
* change behaviour of --verbose option to msgfmt. This no longer
causes the check on the messages to be performed. The check for leading
and trailing \n is always performed and the check of the format specifiers
is performed when --check is given.
* shared library support based On Gord Matzigkeit's libtool package
* msgcomm program by Peter Miller to extract messages shared by input
files
* many more translations.
Version 0.10 - December 1995, by Ulrich Drepper
* implement --shell-script option for gettext program
* implement object-oriented, lazy message handling :-)
Consult the manual for more/any information
* implement locale name aliasing, similar to the one used
in the X Window System
* support for GNU gettext sources in central place to support
use in development environments of other projects
* implement CEN syntax for environment variable values
* msgcmp program to find matches in two .po files
* programs now have exit status != 0 if errors occured
* libintl.a is now selfcontained and can be used without context in
other projects (even on systems missing alloca)
* gettextize now automatically runs config.status
* swedish message catalog
* new options for xgettext: -D/--directory to change in specified directory
before processing the input files and -f/--files-from to specify file from
which the names of the input files are read.
The later option in necessary for large projects such as GNU C Library.
* new programs msgmerge and msgunfmt by Peter Miller. The code of the other
programs is now also much cleaner.
Version 0.9 - August 1995, by Ulrich Drepper
* again many improvements on the manual
* norwegian message catalog
* compilation now works with --disable-nls
* better checks
Version 0.8 - July 1995, by Ulrich Drepper
* much improved manual (although still far from being complete)
* improved PO mode; it now can prepare C sources for use with gettext
by marking translatable strings
* better support for sparse System V systems
* check goal (kind of)
* more input tests and warnings
* better support for integration in other packages
* many bugs fixed
Version 0.7 - June 1995, by Ulrich Drepper
* New GNU package providing functionality to internationalize and
localize other programs.
* Implementation of the Uniforum(*) proposal for internationalization
on top of X/Open(*) style catgets functions.
* Complete implementation of the Uniforum functions for system
lacking either of them or those who which to have a different
implementation with many advantages.
* Implementation of the three tools for message catalog handling
described in the Uniforum.
* Emacs po-mode for handling portable message object files which are
the basis of the work of the package.
(*) Some history: The POSIX working groups have so far been unable to
agree on one set of message catalog handling functions for the C Library.
For now there are competing proposals, one by the Uniforum group, led by
Sun, and the other by X/Open. Although the latter is surely implemented
on more systems, it is not perceived as the clear leader.

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This is the GNU gettext package. It is interesting for authors or
maintainers of other packages or programs which they want to see
internationalized. As one step the handling of messages in different
languages should be implemented. For this task GNU gettext provides
the needed tools and library functions.
Users of GNU packages should also install GNU gettext because some
other GNU packages will use the gettext program included in this
package to internationalize the messages given by shell scripts.
Another good reason to install GNU gettext is to make sure the
here included functions compile ok. This helps to prevent errors
when installing other packages which use this library. The message
handling functions are not yet part of POSIX and ISO/IEC standards
and therefore it is not possible to rely on facts about their
implementation in the local C library. For this reason, GNU gettext
tries using the system's functionality only if it is a GNU gettext
implementation (possibly a different version); otherwise, compatibility
problems would occur.
We felt that the Uniforum proposals has the much more flexible interface
and, what is more important, does not burden the programmers as much as
the other possibility does.
Please share your results with us. If this package compiles ok for
you future GNU release will likely also not fail, at least for reasons
found in message handling. Send comments and bug reports to
bug-gnu-utils@gnu.org
The goal of this library was to give a unique interface to message
handling functions. At least the same level of importance was to give
the programmer/maintainer the needed tools to maintain the message
catalogs. The interface is designed after the proposals of the
Uniforum group.
The configure script provides two non-standard options. These will
also be available in other packages if they use the functionality of
GNU gettext. Use
--disable-nls
if you absolutely don't want to have messages handling code. You will
always get the original messages (mostly English). You could consider
using NLS support even when you do not need other tongues. If you do
not install any messages catalogs or do not specify to use another but
the C locale you will not get translations.
The set of languages for which catalogs should be installed can also be
specified while configuring. Of course they must be available but the
intersection of these two sets are computed automatically. You could
once and for all define in your profile/cshrc the variable LINGUAS:
(Bourne Shell) LINGUAS="de fr nl"; export LINGUAS
(C Shell) setenv LINGUAS "de fr nl"
or specify it directly while configuring
env LINGUAS="de fr nl" ./configure
Consult the manual for more information on language names.
The second configure option is
--with-included-gettext
This forces to use the GNU implementation of the message handling library
regardless what the local C library provides. This possibility is
useful if the local C library is a glibc 2.1.x or older, which didn't
have all the features the included libintl has.
Other files you might look into:
`ABOUT-NLS' - current state of the GNU internationalization effort
`COPYING' - copying conditions
`INSTALL' - general compilation and installation rules
`NEWS' - major changes in the current version
`THANKS' - list of contributors
Some points you might be interested in before installing the package:
1. If you change any of the files in package the Makefile rules will
schedule a recompution of the gettext.pot file. But this is not
possible without this package already installed.
If you don't have this package already installed and modified
any of the files build the package first with
--disable-nls
When this is done you will get a runnable xgettext program which
can be used to recompute gettext.pot.
2. If your system's C library already provides the gettext interface
and its associated tools don't come from this package, it might be
a good idea to configure the package with
--program-prefix=g
Systems affected by this are:
Solaris 2.x
3. Some system have a very dumb^H^H^H^Hstrange version of msgfmt, the
one which comes with xview. This one is *not* usable. It's best
you delete^H^H^H^H^H^Hrename it or install this package as in the
point above with
--program-prefix=g
4. On some system it is better to have strings aligned (I've been told
Sparcs like strings aligned to 8 byte boundaries). If you want to
have the output of msgfmt aligned you can use the -a option. But you
also could change the default value to be different from 1. Take
a look at the --alignment option of msgfmt.
5. The locale name alias scheme implemented here is in a similar form
implemented in the X Window System. Especially the alias data base
file can be shared. Normally this file is found at something like
/usr/lib/X11/locale/locale.alias
If you have the X Window System installed try to find this file and
specify the path at the make run:
make aliaspath='/usr/lib/X11/locale:/usr/local/lib/locale'
(or whatever is appropriate for you). The file name is always
locale.alias.
In the misc/ subdirectory you find an example for an alias database file.
6. The msgmerge program performs fuzzy search in the message sets. It
might run a long time on slow systems. I saw this problem when running
it on my old i386DX25. The time can really be several minutes,
especially if you have long messages and/or a great number of
them.
If you have a faster implementation of the fstrcmp() function and
want to share it with the rest of use, please contact me.
7. On some systems it will not be possible to compile this package.
It is not only this package but any other GNU package, too. These
systems do not provide the simplest functionality to run configure.
Today are known the following systems:
configure name description
-------------- -----------
mips-mips-riscos 2.1.1AC RISCos

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The GNU NLS utility package is the first full featured package
directed to NLS support in the GNU packages. It has it's roots in the
GNU C Library development and of course the (never officially
released) GNU locale package, mostly written by Jim Meyering.
Therefore a lot of people participated in the process of creating this
software.
Written in April-June 1995 by
Ulrich Drepper drepper@ipd.info.uni-karlsruhe.de
Special thanks to François Pinard <pinard@iro.umontreal.ca>, who did a
major part of the testing and provided the Emacs PO mode, wrote major
parts of the manual, and contributed the Perl interface gettext.perl.
Peter Miller <millerp@canb.auug.org.au> invested a lot of his time in making
gettext usable in other but GNU projects and wrote the msgmerge, msgcmp,
and msgunfmt programs.
Thanks to all of the following for their valuable
hints/fixes/discussions/contributions:
Andreas Schwab schwab@issan.informatik.uni-dortmund.de
Bang Jun Young bangjy@nownuri.nowcom.co.kr
Bill Perry wmperry@aventail.com
Bruno Haible haible@ma2s2.mathematik.uni-karlsruhe.de
Christian von Roques roques@pond.sub.org
Derek Clegg derek_clegg@next.com
Enrique Melero Gómez justine@iprolink.ch
Eric Backus ericb@lsid.hp.com
Francesco Potortì pot@fly.cnuce.cnr.it
Frank Donahoe fdonahoe@wilkes1.wilkes.edu
Greg McGary gkm@magilla.cichlid.com
Göran Uddeborg gvran@uddeborg.pp.se
Jakub Jelinek jj@sunsite.ms.mff.cuni.cz
Jim Meyering meyering@na-net.ornl.gov
Joshua R. Poulson jrp@plaza.ds.adp.com
Karl Berry kb@cs.umb.edu
Karl Eichwalder ke@suse.de
Kaveh R. Ghazi ghazi@caip.rutgers.edu
Kenichi Handa handa@etl.go.jp
Larry Schwimmer rosebud@cyclone.stanford.edu
Marcus Daniels marcus@sysc.pdx.edu
Max de Mendizabal max@acer.com.mx
Michel Robitaille robitail@IRO.UMontreal.CA
Nils Naumann naumann@unileoben.ac.at
Noah Friedman friedman@splode.com
Paul Eggert eggert@twinsun.com
Roland McGrath roland@gnu.ai.mit.edu
Sakai Kiyotaka ksakai@netwk.ntt-at.co.jp
Santiago Vila Doncel sanvila@unex.es
Thomas E. Dickey dickey@clark.net
Tom Tromey tromey@cygnus.com
Uwe Ohse uwe@tirka.gun.de
Thanks to all members of the translation teams for the different
languages.